1 ( f ) Neurotransmitters

seurotransmitters are the chemical messengers of the brain. Neurotransmitters cross the synapse and they simulate the next neuron. They do this by binding to receptors.  Binding to the next neuron causes the sending of the next action potential, contradiction of muscles or the stimulation of enzymes.   The first Neurotransmitter ever discovered was Acetylcholine. Acetylcholine is essential for the stimulation of muscles that includes the gastro-intestinal system.  Acetylcholine is also critical for regular attention memory and normal sleep. Acetylcholine is broken down by an enzyme named Acetylcholinesterase.  Blocking Acetylcholine can cause myasthenia gravis.   2 other amino acid neurotransmitters are GABA and Glutamate. GABA function is to inhibit the firing of neurons. GABA's activity increase by Benzodiazepines and by anticonvulsant drugs.  This can prevent seizures. Huntington's disease happens when GABA producing neurons degenerate.  Glutamate induces the firing of neurons.  Glutamate binds to a NMBA receptors. This is implicated in learning and memory.  An over stimulation  of NMBA causes stroke, seizures and nerve damage. Another type of Neurotransmitter is called Catecholamines.  The most popular type of  Catecholamines is dopamine. Dopamine regulates movement and endocrine system, important for cognition & emotion.  Another type  Catecholamines is Norepinephrine.  Norepinephrine is secreted by sympathetic system & adrenal gland during stress it is also  important for learning and memory. Another type of Neurotransmitter is called serotonin. Serotonin is important for sleep quality, mood, depression and anxiety.  A drug that alters serotonin is named Fluoxetine.   Fluoxetine